3. Graphic Organisers
"The difference between good and poor
learners is not the sheer quantity of what the good
learner learns, but rather the good learner's ability
to organize and use information." Frank
Smith
Graphic organisers are valuable
instructional tools. Graphic organisers are flexible
and endless in application. Graphical Organizers
convert complex and messy information collections
into meaningful displays.
Graphic organisers:
- Structure Information into Organizational
Patterns
- Facilitate Prereading, Postreading,
Prewriting, Revising, Discussing, and Reasoning
- Promote Active Learning
- Improve Social Interaction and Collaboration
- Provide a Framework for what is to
be Learned
- Access Student's Previous Experiences
and Knowledge
|
Graphic Organizers |
| Concept
Mapping |
Cluster webs |
| Analysis
|
Fishbone
Spider Map |
| Brain
Storming |
Synectics
Analysing Attributes Web
Cluster webs |
| Compare
and Contrast |
Venn Diagrams
T- charts
Matrix
Double Web |
| Evaluation |
PMI
KWHL |
| Hypothesise
|
Hypothesis
Matrix |
| Interact
|
Interacting
Outline |
| Sequencing
|
Ranking
Continuum Scale
Cycle
Bridging Snapshots
Series of Events/ Flow Charts |
| Problem
Solving Process |
Problem/Solution
Outline |
| Story
Writing |
Story Board
Plot Map |
|
|
i) Concept
Mapping: Used for exploring knowledge and
gathering and sharing information
Uses
- Develop an understanding of a body
of knowledge.
- Explore new information and relationships.
- Access prior knowledge.
- Gather and share knowledge and information.
- Design structures or processes such
as written documents, constructions, web sites,
web search, multimedia presentations.
- Problem solve options.
Critical Questions:
- What is the central word, concept, research
question or problem around which the map is
to be built?
- What are the concepts; items, descriptive
words or telling questions that you can associate
with the concept, topic, research question or
problem?
ii) Analysis
a. Fishbone:
Used to show the interaction of a complex event
or complex phenomenon.
Critical Questions: What are the factors that
cause X? How do they interrelate? Are the factors
that cause X the same as those that cause X to
persist?
b.
Spider Map: Used to describe a central
idea: a thing (a geographic region), process (meiosis),
concept or proposition with support.
Critical questions: What is the central idea?
What are its attributes? What are its functions?
iii) Brainstorming
a. Synectics:An approach that is used while
thinking creatively, helps students to develop creative
responses to problem solving, to retain new information,
and to assist in generating writing. It breaks existing
minds sets and helps internalize abstract concepts.
b.
Analysing Attributes Web: Is used to list
facts, definitions, attributes, or examples related
to a single topic, concept, or theme. May also
be used to compare and contrast information generated
on left and right sides of the web.
c.
Clusters:Is used to link ideas and questions,
access prior knowledge, assess interests and knowledge,
and develop probing questions and problems.
Critical Questions: What is the topic or question
to be brainstormed? Is the process clear for brainstorming?
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